Typewriting and like machines



April 8, 1941.

c E. SMITH TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINES Filed July 28, 1958 %;IIIIII// iatented Apr. 8, 1941 2,237,770 TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINES Charles E. Smith, Tonawanda, N.

Remington Rand Ina, poration of Delaware Y., assignor to New York, N. Y., a cor- Application July 28, 1938, Serial No. 221,772

9 Claims.

My invention relates to typewriting and like machines for justifying typewritten lines, and more particularly to a means for facilitating the setting or adjustment of the justifying mechanism of such machine.

Dne of the main objects of my invention is to provide improved, highly efficient and reliable mechanism which greatly facilitates the setting or adjusting of the justifying mechanism so that in rewriting lines of unjustified copy they will be produced in justified lines of uniform length.

Another object of my invention is to provide means as specified above which may be readily embodied in a typewriting machine of standard construction without modifying or materially modifying the existing structure, and which is comparatively simple in construction, reliable and highly edicient in use and which may be manufactured at a comparatively small cost.

it.- further object of my invention is to provide in a typewriting machine having an escapement mechanism for affording variable extents of carriage movement, a means settable in accordance with the number of times the escapement mech anism will be actuated in rewriting a given line and in accordance with the total extent of change required in the length of the line to be justified, such means being operable to automatically predetermine the extent of carriage movement required at each actuation of the escapement mechanlsm to justify the line.

it. still further object of my invention is to provide an improved setting or adjusting means as specified above in a justifying typewriting machine having a variable escapement mechanism for affording variable extents of carriage movement either above or below the normal extent of letter spacing, whereby the setting means is operable to automatically obtain the required extent of increase or decrease in the normal extent of carriage movement in recopying, to thereby justify a line when said means is set in ac cordance with the number of intermittent operations of the variable escapement mechanism in rewriting the line and in accordance with the total extent of increase or decrease in the length of the line required for justification.

To the above and other ends which will hereinafter appear, my invention consists in the features of construction, arrangements of parts and combinations of devices set forth in the following description and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

in the accompanying drawing, wherein like N that my present reference characters parts in different views:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary front elevational view of a portion of a typewriting machine equipped with a setting or adjusting means constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary bottom plan view of a portion of the typewriting machine showing a variable escapement mechanism and a control or regulating means therefor constructed in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a portion of the setting means taken on line 3-4 of Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at said line.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of another portion ofthe setting means taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 3 End viewed in the direction of the arrows at said Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a portion of the control or regulating means for the variable escapement mechanism taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 2 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at said line.

I have shown my invention embodied, in the present instance in a No. 10 Remington Noiseless typewriting machine equipped with a justifying mechanism constructed substantially in accordance with my copending application SerialNo.97,- 225 filed August 21, 1936, now Patent No. 2,208,806, issued July 23, 1940, in which my invention may be readily embodied with but few changes in the existing structural features of said justifying mechanism. However, it should be understood invention is not restricted to embodiment in such machine, nor is it restricted to use in combination with the justifyingmechanism of my copending application, but may be employed in various other types of machines or in combination with other types of "ustifying de vices as well, wherever found available.

I have shown in the accompanying drawing only so much of the usual structure of the N0. 10 Remington Noiseless typewriting machine and the justifying devices of my copending application as is necessary to arrive at a complete understancling of my present invention in its embodiment therein.

My copending application Serial No. 97,225 discloses a justifying mechanism applied to a No. 10 Remington Noiseless typewriting machine which is operable to justify typewritten lines in recopymg by varying the extent of spacing between designate corresponding words either above or below the extent of normal letter spacing and without modifying the ordinary spacing between the letters of the words. I have herein applied my improved setting or ad- Justing mechanism to a justifying machine of this type, wherein the spacing between words only is varied, but as will hereinafter appear, my invention may be applied to other types of justifying devices, such for example as a type wherein the spacing between letters as well as the spacing between words may be varied throughout a line.

In my hereinbefore mentioned copending application, two independently operable escapement means are provided, one escapement means being under control of the printing keys to effect a normal letter space advance of the carriage, the other escapement means being under control of a space bar or a special word spacing key to effect an advance of the carriage in fractional amounts above or below the extent of a normal letter space, such fractional amount being predetermined by a manual adjusting means. The correct setting of this manual adjusting means is determined by dividing the number 01' letter spaces which the particular line, must be expanded or contracted by the number of word spaces in the line.

In the construction disclosed in said copending application, it is necessary for the operator to calculate the extent of word spacing required for justification by actual division or by the use of a precalculated chart before setting the manual adjusting member which is graduated in terms of fractional extents of a letter space both above and below the extent of a normal letter space.

In accordance with my present invention, I propose to relieve the operator of the necessity oi actually calculating the extent of word spacing required to justify a line by the provision of a manual adjusting means which may be set directly in accordance with the number of letter spaces which a line must be either expanded or contracted for justification and in accordance with the number of word spaces in the line, and which adjusting means coacts with the variable escapement mechanism to automatically obtain the extent of word spacing required for justification of that line, the same as would be arrived at by actual calculation on the part of the Opes-- ator.

In the drawing, a portion of the frame of a No. 10 Remington Noiseless typewriting machine has been shown as including a right hand side plate l and a rear cross member it. Only the parts of the escapement mechanism of my copending application which are directly associated with the setting or adjusting mechanism of the present invention have been shown in the drawings. The illustrated parts of this escapeaffording variable extents of word spacing independently of the normal escapement wheel. However, it is sumclent for an understanding or the present invention to consider that the escapement wheel It shown in Fig. 2 is operatively connected to the carriage to afford an extent of spacingin proportion to the extent oi rotation thereof as determined by the adjustable means shown in Fig. 2, for spacing between words only as in said companion application or generally for effecting differential spacing for iustifytng.

Referring to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the escapement wheel It is provided with a central hub portion I8 which rotates around a pivot screw ll which is in axial alignment with the feed shaft of the machine. Actual operative connection between the escapement wheel i l and the feed shatt is not shown in the present drawing but when employed iorword spacing only may include planetary gearing arranged as shown and described in my copending application. However, if the variable escapement mechanism were to be used for spacing between the letmrs as well as the words throughout the line, the escapement wheel IQ could be directly connected to the feed shaft and controlled in the same manher as. the normal escapement ordinarily employed in the machine,

A carrier arm it is mounted by an enlarged hub portion it for rotation concentrically with the escapement wheel i l, and anti-friction hearing balls 2i may be provided in an inner circumferential race in the hub member iii and a companion race formed jointly by the hub it of the escapement wheel and a retaining ring 26. A

I spiral spring 22 secured at its inner end at 23 to a stationary bracket 2% acts on the carrier arm ill through a pin 25 to return the carrier I i8 to and hold it in its normal position shown in ment mechanism include an escapement wheel l4 having comparatively fine teeth L5 as shown in Fig. 2.

In the present instance the escapement-wheel I4 is provided for affording the spacing between words only and is accordingly connected to the carriage for control thereof jointly with another escapement mechanism for spacing between the letters of the words. In the specific arrangement of the escapement mechanism of my copending application, the usual feed rack mounted on the carriage coacts with a feed pinion mounted at the upper end of a substantially vertically disposed feed shaft. This feed shaft is connected by a diflerential or planetary gear to both the normal escapement wheel for affording letter spacing and also to the diflerential escapement wheel, such as H in the present Fig. 2. The normal position oi the carrier is is determined by the engagement of the extreme outer end thereof with an upstanding portion 28 at the forward end 02 an extension of the cross member ill of the frame of the machine. D

The means for afiording intermittent advance movement of the carriage through the escapement wheel M includes an anchor member 2? pivotally mounted at 2% to a stationary bracket 29 mounted on the machine frame. An extension 30 of the anchor memberfil may be connected by a pull rod 30 to the usual space key' or to a special word spacing key or other actuating connection, whereby the anchor member Tl is rocked from its illustrated position in a counter-clockwisedirection upon a depression for example, of the space key or said special key, and when the key is released the anchor member 21 is returned to its illustrated normal position by spring means not shown.

The anchor member 21 coacts with the escapement wheel I through a pair of feed dogs;

- one of which is a holding dog 32 formed at the left hand end of the anchor member 21 and normally entering an interdental space in the escapement wheel ll. The other feed dog is a steppingdog 33 normally out of the path of the teeth of the escapement wheel I and mounted on the carrier arm l8 for radial movement relative to the teeth ii of the wheel M. The stepping dog 33 may be mounted on the carrier arm i8 by a transverse portion 34 carrying grooved rollers 35 which receive at the grooved peripheries thereof the opposite edges of the carrier arm drawing, for I 8. A pin 38 attached to the stepping dog 33 extends downwardly through a slot (not shown) in the carrier-arm II, which pin 88 carries at the lower end thereof a roller 81 engaging the outer curved edge an extension 8! of the anchor member 21. The stepping dog I3 is biased "inwardly along the carrier arm II by an expansion spring 3! extending between an upstanding-pin 40 at the outer end of the carrier arm II and the upstanding end of the pin ll carried by the step ping dog 38.

It will now be clear that upon the depression of the usual space bar orthe special word spacing key, or other actuating means for the escapement, the anchormember 21' will be rocked in a counter-clockwise direction. as the are shown in Fig. 2, to allow the stepping dbg 83 to move inwardly along the carrier arm ll under the force of the spring ll to a position entering an interdentai space in the escapemcnt wheel i4, and the holding dog 32, by the same movement of the anchor member 21 will be withdrawn from the path of the teeth ll of the escapement wheel H.

As soon as the holding dog 32 is out 01 the path at the teeth II, the force or the usual carriagc spring drum (not shown) starts to turn the escapement wheel H in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2, and the carrier arm I! being connected to the escapement wheel ll through the stepping dog 33 turns therewith in a clockwise direction. During this movement of the carrier arm II and the stepping dog II in unison with the escapement wheel ll, the roller 31 rides alongthe outer edge of the arm ll. which is on an arc centered about the'axis of the escapcment wheel it when the anchor member 21 is in its operated position. v

The cscapement mechanism thus far described may be the same as disclosed in my copending application and need not be modified in any respect lay-the incorporation therewith of the devices oi the present invention; In accordance with my copen'ding application as well as in accordance with the present invention, a stop moans is provided for predetermining various extents oi clockwise movement of the carrier arm iii in unison with the escapement wheel ll to accordingly predetermine the extent of advance increment of the carriage in spacing which willbe aiiorded at each operation of the anchor member 21. The present invention is directed particularly to the arrangement of such adjustable-stop member ior determining the extent oi movement oi the carrier member II togather with means for facilitating the setting of this adjustable stop member to obtain the required citteut of carriage spacing movement to justify various lines.

It maybe generally described at this point that the adlustable stop member of the present invention comprises a disc 45 having a plurality of stop faces, one of which stop faces, according to its rotated position, is engaged by a pin 48 on the carrier arm II to thereby determine the extent oi clockwise rotation of the arm II and the escapement wheel ll at this time effectively connected thereto when the anchor member 21 is operated. 'lI'he specific arrangement of the stop races on the disc 45 will be later described in detail as the arrangement of these stop faces is determined to a large extent by the design of the manual setting means to be hereinafter referred to.

Referring to Fig. 5, it may be seen that the stop disc '15 is mounted on a hub 48 which ex- "screw 62 whereby the sheath the variable escapement tends downwardly through a bearing p ning in a retaining bracket II. which bracket may be formed integrally with the cross member ll of the machine irame. The stop disc I may be retained in its bearing opening in the member ll by a collar ll placed between the upper surface of the cross member II and the bracket II and secured to the hub u .by a screw II.

The stop disc I l thus rotatively mounted on the cross member II is operatively connected with the manual setting means through a suitable flexible shait or cable It arranged to turn within an outer flexible sheath ll. Thus as shown in Fig. 5; an opening is provided in the cross member in axial alignment with the hub 4| which opening receives the sheath N which is retained therein by a screw II. The inner flexible cable It extends upward through the cross member II, and the upper end thereof is soldered or otherwise suitably secured within an opening in the lower end 01' the hub ll.

The sheath I4 carrying the flexible cable 53 extends from the lower side of the rear cross member II forward and upward within the machine frame to a position in the rear of the right hand end of a front plate II which is ordinarily provided on the machine. The flexible cable may be held against lateral displacement from the side plate II by suitable clips 5! secured to the side plate II to partially surround the sheath 4. The upper and forward end of the flexible sheath ll terminates in an opening in a member I extending to the left from the side plate It in the rear of the front plate 58. The inner end of the member ill may be split along the opening receiving the sheath '54, as shown in Fig. 4, with upturned ear portions ti carrying a clamping M may be securely clamped within the end of the member Bil.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the forwardly extending end of the flexible shalt be is soldered or otherwise suitably secured within an opening (not shown) in a; shouldered portion 65 oi a short shaft M, which shalt extends forward through an opening in the front plate 58 oi the machine. The shoulder $5 of. the shaft 66 engages the rear surface of the front plate 58, and the forward end oi the shaft b6 enters an opening in a hub ii and is retained therein by a screw II. The hub blissurrounded by a finger piece or knob 68 which ls'prcvlded with a flange or dial II. A substantially semiwircular dial plate i2 is attached by screws it to the front plate 58 of the machine at a position to surround the upper half of the outer edge portion of the dial 70.

From the foregoing description, it will be clear that the knob 69 and its dial it is positioned on the iront plate 58 of the typewriting machine for convenient lmarlipulatior'i by the operator, and this knobls connected through the flexible cable 53 tOLthe stop member 45, whereby the operator may conveniently turn the stop member 45 to various positions oi adjustment by merely turning the knob 69.

In a justifying mechanism employing a variable escapement mechanism, it will be clear that the change from normal spacing which is to be afforded by said variable escapement mechanism to justify any particular line will be determined by two iactors, one of these factors being the extent or change of length of the line required for justification, the other factor being the number of intermittent operations of mechanism in writing the line. It is usually convenient to reckon the total extent of change of length of a line required for Justification in terms of letter spaces, and when the variable escapement mechanism is to be used for spacing between words only, it is convenient to reckon the total number of intermittent operations of such escapement mechanism in typing a line in terms of word spaces.

Thus in accordance with the present invention, the setting of the adjustable stop member 45 is facilitated by cooperating scales on the movable dial 10 and the fixed dial plate 12, one scale having numeral indices thereon representing the extent of change of length required in a line in terms of character spaces, the other scale having numeral indices thereon designating the number of intermittent operations of the variable escapement which in the instance shown in the drawing is in terms of word spaces. Although it is immaterial which of these two cooperating scales is placed on the movable dial l and which is placed on the fixed dial plate I2, it has been elected for the present disclosure to place the scale representing the various numbers of character spaces on the movable dial Ill to cooperate with the other scale representing the various numbers of word spaces on the fixed dial plate 12. In order to avoid confusion in the use of these two cooperating scales, the term word spaces" is suitably marked on the face of the dial plate 12, and the term character spaces" is marked on the face of the dial I0. It should be understood however, that these markings may be modified to suit the requirements of different characters of justifying mechanism, as hereinafter pointed out.

The escapement mechanism to which the devices of the present invention are applied is operable to either expand or contract the length of the line for purposes of justification, and for convenience in the present disclosure, it has been elected that the range of adjustment should ai ford either an expansion in the length of a line to any extent from one to five letter spaces, or a contraction in the length of a line to any extent from one to five letter spaces. However, neither the escapement mechanism nor the setting means is limited to this particular range of adjustment. The range of variation in the number of word spaces in the various lines has also been arbitrarily selected from five to fifteen,

and it also should be understood that this range of variation may be varied if desired.

Inasmuch as the present justifying mechanism is operable to either expand or contract the length of a line, there are in the present instances, two substantially duplicate scales provided on both the movable dial 1!) and the fixed dial plate 12, one scale on each of the members being designated by the term expand and the other scale on each of the members being designated by the term contract. Thus the expand scale on the movable dial I0 is provided with numerals from 1 to 5 progressing in a counter-clockwise direction and placed opposite scale divisions which are spaced or graduated according to the logarithms of these numbers. The contract" scale on the movable dial i0 is provided with numerals from 1 to 5" placed opposite scale divisions which are spaced or graduated according to the logarithms of these numbers the same as on the expand scale, but in this case the numerals progress from 1 to 5 in a clockwise direction.

A very similar arrangement is provided on the fixed dial plate 12, wherein the "expand scale is provided with numerals from 5" to "15" progressing in a counter-clockwise direction and placed opposite scale divisions which are spaced or graduated according to the logarithms of these numbers. The "contract" scale on the dial plate 12 is provided with numerals from "5 to "15" placed opposite scale divisions which are spaced or graduated according to the logarithms of these numbers the same as the expand" scale,

but in this case, the numerals progress from 5" to 15" in a clockwise direction. In using the present setting means, the ex pand" scale on the movable dial I0 cooperates only with the expand scale on the dial plate 12, and likewise the contract" scale on the dial Ill cooperates only with the contract" scale on the dial plate 12. Accordingly it may be found desirable to provide the markings on the expand scales of each of the members 10 and 12 in a color which contrasts with the color of the markings of the contract" scales thereon. Inasmuch as it may sometimes be desirable to set the escapement mechanism to neither expand nor contract a line, a 0" position is indicated on the dial Ill which is associated with a 0 position on the dial plate 12. When the 0" point on the movable dial i0 is placed in register with the 0 mark on the dial plate 12 as shown in Fig. l, the stop plate 45 is posi tioned as shown in Fig. 2, wherein a stop face 15 thereon is in the path-of the stop pin 6% of the carrier arm l8 as it is operated in a clockwise direction from its illustrated normal position. The stop face 15 is positioned at such a distance from the center of the stop disc 15 that the escapement wheel I4 travels a distance before it is arrested by the engagement of the stop pin 46 therewith to afford exactly one nor mal letter space advance movement of the carriage.

In the present instance it may be assumed that, as in my said companion application, the escapement wheel H is so connected with the carriage that a 48 degree rotation thereof affords exactly one normal letter space advance movement of the carriage, and ten teeth of the escapement wheel are provided in the 48 degree sector through which it rotates to afford one normal letter space movement. Thus, seventyfive teeth are provided throughout the entire circumference of the escapement wheel H. Inasmuch as the variation in the distance through which the carrier arm 18 is allowed to travel is necessarily in multiples of the teeth of the escapement wheel H, the variation in spacing which may be aiforded by the present mechanism will be in multiples of one-tenth part of a normal letter space.

In order to ,illustrate the operation of the present mechanism it will first be considered that it is desired to expand the length of an unjustified line to the extent of one letter space distance, which line has ten Word spaces. The operator in this instance turns the movable dial 10 by the knob 69 in a clockwise direction from its illustrated position in Fig. 1 to a point where 1 on the expand scale on the dial l0 registers with 10 on the expand scale on the dial plate I2. This clockwise direction of rotation of the movable dial 10 turns the stop plate 45 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2 to such an extent that a stop face 16 thereon is brought into the path of the stop pin 46 of the carrier arm 18. Or more specifically the radial dotted line a intersecting the stop face 16 in the drawing indicates the point on the stop face 16 which will be engaged by the stop pin 46 when the dial I is moved to the above described positlon.

it will be noted in Fig. 2 that the radius of the stop face 16 is sufilciently shorter than the radius of the stop face 15 that when the stop lace l6 is in the path of the stop pin 46 the carrier arm [8 is allowed to travel one additional tooth space distance, or a distance equal to eleven tooth spaces on the escapement wheel it. Thus, it will be clear that when the dial ill is moved to a point wherein 1 on the expand scale thereof registers with "10 on the expand scale on the dial plate I2, the stop plate 45 is moved to a position which afiords one and one-tenth times a normal letter space. it will be clear that this extent of spacing be tween each of the words in a line having ten interword spaces will expand such a line to an extent of one normal letter space in retyping tor iustification, which is in accordance with the setting oi the dial 10.

Lilrewise it will be clear that if it is desired to expand a line also having ten word spaces to the extent of two normal letter spaces, the operator turns the movable dial ill farther in a cloclrwise direction to a position wherein Z on the expand scale of the dial is registers with it on the expand scale of the dial plate l2. This positions the stop plate 45 so that stop lace ii is in the path oi the stop pin 46, and as the stop race 'l'l is formed on a still shorter radius than the stop face It, the carrier arm ill will travel through a distance equal to twelve tooth spaces of the escapernent wheel I4. Thus the extent of word spacing afforded at this setting oi the dial in will be equal to one and two tenths times a normal letter space, thereby expanding the length of the line to the extent of two normal letter spaces in retyplng for lustiiicatlon,

in a very similar manner, a line having ten word spaces may be expanded to the extent of three, tour or live character spaces by moving the dial it farther in a clockwise direction so that the associated numeral index on the expanel scale of the dial Ill is in register with lll oi the expand scale of the dial plate it, in case the dial lid is set to expand such a line to the extent of three character spaces, the stop plate tit will be positioned so that a stop face "it thereof is disposed in the path ol" the stop pin it of the carrier It, the radius of the stop face it being such that the carrier it moves a distance equal to thirteen tooth spaces of the escapement wheel it. This afiords one and three-tenths times a normal letter space between each of the words of a line, and a line having ten interword spaces will accordingly be expanded in length to the extent of three normal letter spaces. When 4 or is placed in register with as mentioned above, a stop lace ill or a stop face 80 respectively of the stop member 45 will be placed in the path of the stop pin it. The stop faces I9 and B0 are arranged to afford a tourteen tooth and a fifteen tooth movement respectively of the escapement wheel it, and accordingly an expansion in the length of a line having ten interword spaces to the extent of four or five character spaces may be respectively attained thereby in a manner which will be obvious from the previous descriptions of the methods of obtaining lesser extents of expanslon.

In the drawing, the broken radial lines a intersecting the stop face 16 and the radial lines b intersecting the companion stop faces ll, l8, l9 and Bil indicate the respective points on the stop plate 45 which will be engaged by the stop pin 46 when the numeralindices l, 2; 3, 4 and 5 are placed in register with 10 of the expand scale on the dial plate 12.

The above specific instances of the setting of the stop plate 5 are all for lines having ten interword spaces, but it will be clear that if a line has a larger or a smaller number of interword spaces, the proper numeral index on the expand scale of the dial it will be placed in register with a different index on the expand scale of the dial plate "l2, In this manners different position of the stop plate 45 is obtained for any given extent of expansion of a line depending on the number of interword spaces in the line, and the arrangement of the cooperating scales on the dial it and dial plate 12 is such that the stop plate t5 will be positioned in each instance to obtain the exact extent of movement of the escapement wheel It required to justiiy the line or the nearest approach to such an exact movement thereoi. which can be afforded by the particular variable escapement mechanism.

For example, if it is desired to expand a line to the extent of one character space which line has five interword spaces rather than ten as described above, l on the expand scale of the dial m is placed in register with 5 on the expand scale oi the dial plate l2, thereby positioning the stop plate it so that stop face 11 is engaged by the stop pin til. This affords a twelve tooth movement of the escapement wheel it rather than an eleven tooth movement as afforded by the stop face it which is positioned in the path oi the stop pin 46 when a line having ten interword spaces is to be expanded to the extent of one character space. it will be clear that a twelve tooth movement of the escapement wheel M will expand the length oi a line having five interword spaces to the extent of one character space. In the above instance when l on the expand. scale of the dial it registers with 5 ol the expand scale on the dial plate it, it will be clear that due to the logarithmic arrangement of the numerals on the two cooperating scales, the numerals 2 and 3 on the expand scale of the dial ill will also register with the numerals 10 and i5 respectively on the expand scale of the dial plate it. In other words, the two expansion scales on the members ill and i2 cooperate in a very similar manner to two cooperating scales of a slide rule.

It was previously pointed out that the two cooperating contract scales on the members Ill and it are substantially the same as the expanel scales just described except for the reverse arrangement thereoi, and accordingly it is believed that the specific details of the cooperation between these contract scales need not be described. However, the control of the stop plate 45 by the two contract" scales may be gen erally described by pointing out that if i, 2, 3, 4 and 5 on the contract scale oi the dial 10 are successively placed in register with 10 on the contract scale on the dial plate 12, stop faces Bl, 8t, 83, 8d and will be successively positioned in the path of the stop pin 45, and

the broken radial lins crintersecting these stop faces on the drawing indicates the points thereon which w llbe engaged by the stop pin at each of such successive positions of the stop member 45.- c, c

The distances from the various stop faces 8| to 85 to the axis of-the stop plate 45 are so varied that nine, eight, seven, six and five tooth spaces of movement of the escapemlent wheel l4 are respectively afforded when, the corresponding stop face is positioned in the path of the stop pin 46. Thus, the various extents of movement of the escapement wheel l4 afforded by the stop faces 8|, .2, 83, 84 and 85 will result in the contraction of the length of a line having ten interword spaces to the extent of one, two, three, four and five character spaces respectively in accordance with the setting of the dial member 10. It is believed that the method in which the two coope erating "contract scales on the members 10 and 12 function to select a position of the stop member 45 which will contract a line to various extents having other than ten interword spaces will be obvious in view of the previous description of the function of the expand scales.

The stop member 45 is arranged in the present instance to afford a variation in the word spacing from one-half of a normal letter space to one and one-half times a normal letter space, and due to the specific arrangement of the present variable escapement mechanism, the variation of the word spaces within this range is in multiples of one-tenth part of a normal letter space. Thus, it will be clear that whenever the quotient resulting from the division of the number of character spaces of expansion or contraction in the line length by the number of word spaces in the line is a multiple of one-tenth part oi a normal letter space, the stop member 45 functions to select the exact extent of word spacing required for justification. However, in other instances wherein the required extent of word spacing for justification is not a multiple of one-tenth part of 'a normal letter space, an extent of word spacing is automatically selected by the stop member 45 which is a multiple of one-tenth part of a normal letter space approaching closest to the exact extent of word spacing required for justification. In order words, the divisions or steps between the various stop faces of the stop member 45 are positioned in each instance so that the setting of the dial 10 will select either the exact extent of word spacing required for justiflcation or the closest approach thereto which can be obtained on the particular design of the variable escapement mechanism with which the setting mechanism cooperates.

Fromthe above, it will be clear that in order to set or adjust a justifying typewriting machine equipped with the devices of my invention, the operator merely moves the dial 10 to a point where a numeral index thereon corresponding to the extent of increase or decrease in the length of the line required for justification registers with a numeral index on the dial plate 12 representing the number of word spaces in the line,

and this dial 10 then operates through the stop member 45 to automatically obtain the required extent of increase or decrease in the normal extent of spacing btween the words of the line to justify that particular line. Thus, the operator is entirely relieved of calculating the required extent of increase or decrease in each word space to justify the line, which not only saves time and eirort on the part of the operator, but also tends to promote a greater accuracy in justification by eliminating the possibility of erroneous calculation or adjustment.

Although my setting or adjusting mechanism of the present invention has been shown and described in connection with a variable escapement mechanism such as is disclosed in my said companion application which is employed for spacing between words only, a setting or adjusting mechanism operating on the same principle may be applied to other types of justifying mechanism, such for example as the type wherein a variable escapement mechanism is provided for spacing between the letters as well as the spacing between the words throughout the line. For example, if the variable-escapement mechanism illustrated in the present drawing were to be employed to space between the letters as well as the words of a line, substantially the same setting means could be employed by making obvious changes in the numeral indices and the legend on the dial plate 12, as well as any changes in the specific profile of the stop member 45 which may be required. In

other words, the numeral indices on the dial plate 12 would in this case denote various lengths of lines either in terms of inches or in terms of the total number of letter spaces and word spaces. However, it will be clear that reardless of whether the present setting means is employed in connection with a variable escapement mechanism for spacing between words only or for spacing between the letters as well as the words throughout the line, the numeral indices on the scales of the dial plate I2 will denote various numbers of intermittent operations of the variable escapement mechanism, which as previously pointed out, is one of the factors in determining the extent of change from normal spacing to justify each line.

In the illustrated embodiment of the present invention, the setting or adjusting means has been shown and described in connection with a variable escapement mechanism for spacing between words only and it has been described that a normal escapement mechanism under control of the printing keys is to be provided for affording uniform letter spacing. However, it will be understood that the devices of the present invention may equally well be employed in combination with an escapement mechanism for affording variable letter spacing to accord with different widths of printed characters. If such a variable letter spacing mechanism is employed in combination with the variable word spacing escapement mechanism, the increase or decrease required in the length of a line for justification may be reckoned in terms of a unit which is a divisor of all of the various units of letter spacing and the numeral indices on the movable dial 10 may be accordingly arranged.

It is also to be understood that the devices of the present invention could be employed in various other characters of typewriting machines, and in referring to a carriage in the foregoing description and in the appended claims, it will be understood that such term is employed in a generic sense to apply to flat platen machines wherein the printing instrumentalities are carried by and travel with the carriage, as well as the platen carrying carriage of thetype herein referred to, unless that carriage be otherwise more specifically defined.

It is also to be understood that in the foregoing description, an attempt has not been made to point out all the alternate or optional features oi construction that may be employed and that various modifications, adaptations and. alterations maybe applied to meet the requirements of practice and some parts of the construction may be employed without others without departing from my invention as it is defined in the accompanying claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a typewriting machine for justifying typewritten lines, the combination of a variable escapement mechanism having adjustable regulating means for affording various extents of spacing between words, and manual setting means comprising cooperating fixed and movable scales having indices on one scale designating the number of word spaces in a line and having indices on the other scale designating the number cl character spaces of expansion and the number 0i character spaces of contraction in the length oi the line that may be required for justification, and means operatively connecting said movable scale with said regulating means.

2. in a typewriting machine for justifying typewritten. lines, the combination of a variable escapement mechanism having adjustable regulating means for aifording various extents of spacing between words, and manual setting means comprising cooperating fixed and movable scales having numerals on one scale designating the number of word spaces in a line and having numerals on the other scale designating the number of character spaces of expansion and the number of character spaces of contraction in the length of the line that may be required for justification, said scales being graduated to the logarithms of the numerals thereon, and means operatively connecting said movable, scale with said regulating means.

3. in a typewiiting machine for justifying typewritten lines, the combination of a variable escapement mechanism having adjustable regulating means, and manual setting means comprising one pair of cooperating fixed and movable scales having indices on one scale thereof desighating the number of word spaces in a line and indices on the other scale thereof designating the total extent of expansion in the length of the line required for justification, and another pair oi cooperating fixed and movable scales having indices on one scale thereof designating the number of word spaces in a line and indices on the other scale thereof designating the total extent oi contraction in the length of the line required for justification, and means operatively connecting said movable scales with said regulating means.

ii. In a typewriting machine for justifying typewritten lines, the combination of a variable escapement mechanism having adjustable regulating means, and manual setting means comprising one pair of cooperating fixed and movable scales having numerals on one scale thereof designating the number of word spaces in a line and numerals on the other scale thereof designating the total extent of expansion in the length oi the line required for justification, and another pair of cooperating fixed and movable scales having numerals on one scale thereof designating th number of word spaces in a line and numerals on the other scale thereof designating the total extent of contraction in the length of the line required for justification, both of said pairs of cooperating fixed and movable scales being graduated to the logarithms of the numeraid in setting als thereon, and said movable scales being operatively connected to said regulating means.

5. Ina typewriting machine for justifying typewritten lines, the combination of a variable escapement mechanism having rotatable regulating means, a manually rotatable dial directly connected to said regulating means, a stationary dial plate cooperating with said rotatable dial, and means to aid in setting said rotatable dial comprising one set of cooperating logarithmic scales on said rotatable dial and on said dial plate cooperative for the setting of said rotatable dial to afford expansion in the length of a line and another set of cooperating logarithmic scales on said rotatable dial and on said dial plate cooperative for the setting oi said rotatable dial to afford contraction in the length of a line.

6. In a typewriting machine for justifying typewritten lines, the combination of a variable escapement mechanism having regulating means therefor, a movable member connected to said regulating means, a stationary member cooperating, with said movable member, and means to said movable member comprising one set of cooperating logarithmic scales on said movable member and on said stationary member cooperative for the setting of said movable mem her to afford expansion in the length of a line, and another set of cooperating logarithmic scales on said movable member and on said stationary member cooperative for the setting of said movable member to afiord contraction in the length of a line.

7. In a typewriting machine for justifying typewritten lines, the combination oi an escapement mechanism including an adjusting means, controlling means for said escapement mechanism, and setting means including cooperating fixed and movable scales having numerals on one scale designating the number of operations of said controlling means in typing a line and numerals on the other scale designating the extent of increase or decrease in the length of the line required for justification, said movable scale'being operatively connected to said adjusting means.

ii. In a typewriting machine for justifying typewritten lines, the combination of an escapement wheel, a fixed dog cooperating with said escapement wheel, a dog carrier mounted'to turn variable distances around the axis of said escapement wheel, a stepping dog mounted on said carrier for rectilinear movement thereon into and out of engagement with said escapement wheel, means for alternately operating said fixed dog and said stepping dog into and out of engagement with said escapement wheel, a pivoted stopping member having a plurality of stop iaces spaced at different, radial distances thereon to determine the extent of movement of said carrier when the stepping dog is in engagement with said escapement wheel by impact of said carrier against one of said stop faces substantially on dead center of the pivot of the stopping member, and manual setting means for obtaining the extent of movement of the carrier required to justify a line, said setting means including cooperating fixed and movable scales having graduations on one scale designating the number of intermittent operations of said dogs in writing the line and having graduations on the other scale designating the required total extent oi change in length of the line, and means operatively connecting said movable scale with said stopping member.

8 aasmvo 9. In a typewriting machine, the combination ticns of saiii'escapement mechanism and graduaof a variable escapement mechanism having adtions on the other scale designa i ng various exjustable regulating means, and setting means for tents of expansion and" contraction in the length said regulating means comprising cooperating 'ot typewritten lines, said movable scale being fixed and movable scales having graduations on 5' opratively connected with said regulating means. one scale designating various numbers of *opera- 1 CHARLES E. SMITH 

